Tag: isp

Fiber7 TV behind PFSense

As I’ve stated previously, I’m subscribed to what is probably the coolest ISP on earth. Between the full symmetric Gbit/s, their stance on network neutrality, their IPv6 support and their awesome support even for advanced things like setting up an IPv6 reverse DNS delegation(!), there’s nothing you could ever wish for from an ISP.

For some time now, they have also provided an IPTV solution as an additional subscription called tv7.

As somebody who last watched live tv around 20 years ago, I wasn’t really interested to subscribe to that. However, contrary to many other IPTV solutions what’s special about the Fiber7 solution is that they are using IP multicast to deliver the unaltered DVB frames to their users.

For people interested in TV, this is great because it’s, for all intents and purposes, lag free as the data is broadcast directly through their network where interested clients can just pick it up (of course there will be some <1ms lag for the data to move through their network plus some additional <1ms lag as your router forwards the packets to your internal network).

As I never dealt with IP multicast, this was an interesting experiment for me, and when they released their initial offering, they provided a test-stream to see whether your infrastructure was multicast ready or not.

Back then, I never got it to work behind my PFSense setup but as I wasn’t interested in TV, I never bothered spending time on this, though it did hurt my pride.

Fast forward to about three weeks ago where I made a comment on twitter about that pride being hurt to the CEO of fiber7. He informed me that the test stream was down, but then he also sent me a DM to ask me whether I was interested in trying out their tv7 offering, including the beta version of their app for the AppleTV.

That was one evil way to nerd-snipe me, so naturally, I told him that, yes, I would be interested, but that I wasn’t really ever going to use it aside of just getting it to work, because live TV just doesn’t interest me.

Despite the fact that it was past 10pm, he sent me another DM, telling me that he has enabled tv7 for my account.

The rest of the night I spent experimenting with IGMP Proxy and the PFSense firewall to some varying success, but on the next day I was finally successful

You might notice that this is a screenshot of VLC. That’s no coincidence: While Fiber7 officially only supports the AppleTV app, they also offer links on a support page of theirs to m3u and xspf playlists that can be used by advanced users (which is another case of Fiber7 being awesome), so while debugging to make this work, I definitely preferred to using VLC which had a proper debug log.

After I got it to work, I also found a bug in the Beta version of the Fiber7 app where it would never unsubscribe from a multicast group, causing the traffic to my LAN to increase whenever I would switch channels in the app. The traffic wouldn’t decrease even if the AppleTV went to sleep – only a reboot would help.

I’ve reported this to Fiber7 and within a day or two, a new release was pushed to TestFlight in order to fix the issue.

Since this little adventure happened, Fiber7 has changed their offering: Now every Fiber7 account gets free access to tv7 which will probably broaden the possible audience quite a bit.

Which brings me to the second point of this post: To show you the configuration needed if you’re using a PFSense based gateway and you want to make use of tv7.

First, you have to enable the IGMP proxy:

Screen Shot 2018-05-22 at 16.31.15.png

For the LAN interface, please type in the network address and netmask of your internal IPv4 LAN.

What IGMP Proxy does is to listen to clients in your LAN joining to a multicast group and then joining on their behalf on the upstream interface. It will then forward all traffic received on the upstream aimed at the group to the group on the downstream interface. This is where the additional small bit of lag is added, but this is the only way to have multicast cross routing barriers.

This is also mostly done on your routers CPU, but at the 20MBit/s a stream consumes, this shouldn’t be a problem on more or less current hardware.

Anyways – if you want to actually watch TV, you’re not done yet because even though this service is now running, the built-in firewall will drop any packets related to multicast joining and all actual multicast packets containing the video frames.

So the next step is to update the firewall:

Create the following rules for your WAN interface:

Screen Shot 2018-05-22 at 16.39.07.png

You will notice that little gear icon next to the rule. What that means is that additional options are enabled. The extra option you need to enable is this one here:

Screen Shot 2018-05-22 at 16.41.31.png

I don’t really like the second of the two rules. In principle, you only need to allow a single IP: The one of your upstream gateway. But that might change whenever your IPv4 address changes and I don’t think you will want to manually update your firewall rule every time.

Instead, I’m allowing all IGMP traffic from the WAN net, trusting Fiber7 to not leak other subscriber’s IGMP traffic to my network.

Unfortunately, you’re still not quite done.

While this configures the rules for the WAN interface, the default “pass all” rule on the LAN interface will still drop all video packets because the above “Allow IP options” checkbox is off by default for the default pass all rule.

You have to update that too on the “LAN” interface:

Screen Shot 2018-05-22 at 16.46.47.png

And that’s all.

The network I’m listing there, 77.109.128.0/19 is not documented officially. Fiber7 might change that at any time at which point your nice setup will stop working and you’ll have to update the IGMP Proxy and Firewall configuration.

In my case, I’ve determined the network address by running

/usr/local/sbin/igmpproxy -d -vvvv /var/etc/igmpproxy.conf

and checking out the error message where igmpproxy was not allowing traffic to an unknown network. I’ve then looked up the network of the address using whois and updated my config accordingly.

Geek heaven

If I had to make a list of attributes I would like the ISP of my dream to
have, then, I could write quite the list:

  • I would really like to have native IPv6 support. Yes. IPv4 will be sufficient for a very long time, but unless pepole start having access to IPv6, it’ll never see the wide deployment it needs if we want the internet to continue to grow. An internet where addresses are only available to people with a lot of money is not an internet we all want to be subjected to (see my post «asking for permission»)
  • I would want my ISP to accept or even support network neutrality. For this to be possible, the ISP of my dreams would need to be nothing but an ISP so their motivations (provide better service) align with mine (getting better service). ISPs who also sell content have all the motivation to provide crappy Internet service in order to better sell their (higher-margin) content.
  • If I have technical issues, I want to be treated as somebody who obviously has a certain level of technical knowledge. I’m by no means an expert in networking technology, but I do know about powering it off and on again. If I have to say «shibboleet» to get to a real technicial, so be it, but if that’s not needed, that’s even better.
  • The networking technology involved in getting me the connectivity I want should be widely available and thus easily replacable if something breaks.
  • The networking technology involved should be as simple as possible: The more complex the hardware involved, the more stuff can break, especially when you combine cost-pressure for end-users with the need for high complexity.
  • The network equipment I’m installing at my home and which has thus access to my LAN needs to be equipment I own and I control fully. I do not accept leased equipment to which I do not have full access to.
  • And last but not least, I would really like to have as much bandwidth as possible

I’m sure I’m not alone with these wishes, even though, for «normal people» they might seem strange.

But honestly: They just don’t know it, but they too have the same interests. Nobody wants an internet that works like TV where you pay for access to a curated small list of “approved” sites (see network neutrality and IPv6 support).

Nobody wants to get up and reboot their modem here and then because it crashed. Nobody wants to be charged with downloading illegal content because their Wifi equipment was suddenly repurposed as an open access point for other customers of an ISP.

Most of the wishes I list above are the basis needed for these horror scenarios never coming to pass, however unlikely the might seem now (though getting up and rebooting the modem/router is something we already have to deal with today).

So yes. While it’s getting rarer and rarer to get all the points of my list fulfilled, to the point where I though this to be impossible to get all of it, I’m happy to say that here in Switzerland, there is at least one ISP that does all of this and more.

I’m talking about Init7 and especially their awesome FTTH offering Fiber7 which very recently became available in my area.

Let’s deal with the technology aspect first as this really isn’t the important point of this post: What you get from them is pure 1Gbit/s Ethernet. Yes, they do sell you a router box if you want one, but you can just as well just get a simple media converter, or just an SFP module to plug into any (managed) switch (with SFP port).

If you have your own routing equipment, be it a linux router like my shion or be it any Wifi Router, there’s no need to add any kind of additional complexity to your setup.

No additional component that can crash, no software running in your home to which you don’t have your password to and certainly no sneakily opened public WLANs (I’m looking at you, cablecom).

Of course you get native IPv6 (a /48 which incidentally is room for 281474976710656 whole internets in your apartment) too.

But what’s really remarkable about Init7 isn’t the technical aspect (though, again, it’s bloody amazing), but everything else:

  • Init7 was one of the first ISPs in Switzerland to offer IPv6 to end users.
  • Init7 doesn’t just support network neutrality.
    They actively fight for it
  • They explicitly state
    that they are not selling content and they don’t intend to start doing so. They are just an ISP and as such their motivations totally align with mine.

There are a lot of geeky soft factors too:

  • Their press releases are written in Open Office (check the PDF properties
    of this one for example)
  • I got an email from a technical person on their end that was written using
    f’ing Claws Mail on Linux
  • Judging from the Recieved headers of their Email, they are using IPv6 in their internal LAN – down to the desktop workstations. And related to that:
  • The machines in their LAN respond to ICMPv6 pings which is utterly crazy cool. Yes. They are firewalled (cough I had to try. Sorry.), but they let ICMP through. For the not as technical readers here: This is as good an internet citizen as you will ever see and it’s extremely unexpected these days.

If you are a geek like me and if your ideals align with the ones I listed above, there is no question: You have to support them. If you can have their Fiber offering in your area, this is a no-brainer. You can’t get synchronous 1GBit/s for CHF 64ish per month anywhere else and even if you did, it wouldn’t be plain Ethernet either.

If you can’t have their fiber offering, it’s still worth considering their other offers. They do have some DSL based plans which of course are technically inferior to plain ethernet over fiber, but you would still support one of the few remaining pure ISPs.

It doesn’t have to be Init7 either. For all I know there are many others, maybe even here in Switzerland. Init7 is what I decided to go with initially because of the Gbit, but the more I leared about their philosophy, the less important the bandwith got.

We need to support companies like these because companies like these are what ensures that the internet of the future will be as awesome as the internet is today.